Within the boundaries of Oregon there stands no more massive peak than the Steens Mountain Fault Block. Stretching from Baker Pass in the north to Long Hollow in the south, this range is nearly 60 miles long with a width of 18 miles across (from Frenchglen to Kigermann following the tilt direction of the fault block). The nine thousand foot crest alone runs over eight miles from north to south. This foreboding mass of basalt is the highest point South of the Three Sisters in Oregon, has 4373 feet of prominence, and is the highest point in Harney County.

Steens Mountain is an alpine island rising above the harsh lowlands of southeastern Oregon. Traveling south into the Great Basin from Burns the land rises slowly gaining elevation almost imperceptibly until Frenchglen where the sagebrush desert gives way to a dense juniper forest and the road begins a gradual climb towards a distant ridgeline. Along upper river canyons are hidden groves of quaking aspen, willows, and mountain mahogany. It isnt until the Kiger Gorge overlook that the sense of elevation really takes hold. At this point, the dramatic 2000 foot drop from High Desert into a lush river canyon reveals that somewhere along the last 20 miles you gained several thousand feet of elevation. The summit ridgeline is one of the more magical locations in Oregon. To the east, the 5000 foot dropoff into the bleak Alvord Desert, to the west the many deep glacial river valleys, to the south the Pueblo Mountains, and along the northern horizon is the Blue Mountains. Far below the alpine highlands, creeks and rivers hide beaver and native trout populations that are fed by snowbanks which can survive the blistering summer heat of the Oregon Desert.

Much of the mountain is within BLM land and open to the public with some areas more accessible than others. While much of the highlands are within hiking distance of the loop road and open to the public, many of the deep gorges are privately owned by large local ranches. One notable exception is Big Indian Gorge which does have a developed trail running the length of it. However the lower Kiger Gorge and Wildhorse Canyon are inaccessible from the lowlands.

In comparing the gentle western slopes to the dramatic east face, using either side as access requires completely different levels of skill. The east face of the fault scarp drops immediately over one vertical mile to the Alvord Desert and in places would require true mountaineering training to climb. For being comprised of basalt, the vertical rock along the east face is substantially rotten. Fortunately the highest point on the mountain is a short walk on a rough (and gated) road that departs from the loop road coming up the west slopes. While a radio facility mars the absolute summit, there are many other wild peaks along the crest.

Getting There

Big Indian Gorge

Although located in the Southeast corner of Oregon hundreds of miles from any major cites the mountain is very accessible given a tolerance for driving. The nearest town with the facilities given a city is Burns, with a population hovering around 3000. From Burns follow State Route 205 south for about 60 miles to Frenchglen, which hosts a store, gas station, and post office in one building that is not always open; and a nice historic hotel (think bed and breakfast). A scenic loop road (Steens Mountain National Back Country Byway) is found on the south end of town and provides easy access to the high country. Around 50 miles in length, the first half of the loop is gravel with some washboarding and general roughness; but its usually passable in a low clearance vehicle from June until September, or even into November and December if snow comes late in the year. Sights that can be seen along the first part of the loop are Fish Lake, The Kiger Gorge, and the Steens Mountain Summit.

The second half of the loop road is not passable unless you have high clearance and four wheel drive. This last half of the loop travels down the sidewall of Big Indian Gorge offering some nice looks back towards the summit, but much of the mountain can be seen and enjoyed without ever traveling this second half of the loop.

Unique locations along the escarpment

KigerMann: This is the highest point along the Steens Mountain crest at its northern end. At 9348 feet this point overlooks the Kiger Gorge and the "Big Nick" notch. A summmitpost page exists for this mountain and much more information can be found there including some amazing pictures of the Kiger Gorge and notch.

Point 8840: The Steenshorn

The Steenshorn: Located 1 mile east of the summit; on topographic maps this is marked as a nameless elevation, at 8844 feet. Seeing it from the Alvord Desert reveals that it is in fact a giant pinnacle of near-unreachable Steens Basalt. I would propose that this point considered as a mountain; may be the most difficult summit in Oregon.

Devine Rock: One of the most prominent rock features along the east face of Steens Mountain is this rotten chunk of Steens Basalt overlooking Big Alvord Creek and the Alvord Ranch. At 7782 feet Devine Rock is one of the most difficult summits in Southeast Oregon as its protected by several cliff bands on all faces. A 4x4 track can be found where Big Alvord Creek crosses the road at the Alvord Ranch. Located on the north side of the creek, gaining permission to travel on this land from the Alvord Ranch may be preferable.

Devine Rock

Alvord Peak: This mountain at 7132 feet is the highest point along the Steens Mountain crest in The Peaks subregion. A summitpost page exists for this mountain.

Pike Canyon: The only developed trail on the east face of Steens Mountain can be found in Pike Canyon. Detailed in William Sullivan's book; the Pike Creek trail follows an old roadbed for a couple miles up to, and beyond frontier mining sites, beyond that it is a bit of a scramble along a lightly maintained trail to the headwall of Pike Creek. Overlooking the mouth of Pike Creek Canyon is Pike Rock at 5808 feet, and at the head of Pike Creek is a series of spectacular basalt pinnacles and walls. Although not posted as such, several campsites with fire rings exist at the trailhead. Wood is not readily available, and the cutting down of trees should not be practiced at any cost, although its immediately apparent some of the aspens here have been cut down. Finally, the 4x4 road leading to Pike Creek is very washed out and can be reached by high clearance vehicles only.

Mann Lake: Mann Lake is well known among sportfishermen as a popular fly fishing desination. Unlike many east side lakes, Mann Lake does not dry up and supports a healthy population of rainbow trout. Tree cover is limited here, although places to camp can be found around the periphery of the lake. Here is a link to the Mann Lake BLM page.

Mann Lake

Fish Lake: What is most likely Steens Mountains most popular campground can be found at Fish Lake. Surrounded by a healthy stand of willows and aspens a wide variety of wildlife can be found here including beavers further down Lake Creek. Fish Lake is stocked with Rainbows although other types of trout may be found here. Here is a link to the Fish Lake BLM page.

Mickey Hot Springs

Alvord Hot Springs: The most popular of the Steens Mountain area hot springs. Located at 4080 feet on the Alvord Desert Playa these springs are roughly nine miles north of the Andrews ghost town along the Fields-Denio road. Expect to find the pools somewhere in the range of 100-120 degrees.

Mickey Hot Springs: These undeveloped hot springs are far too hot to bath or soak in, but do offer the opportunity for exploration of steaming vents, bubbling mud pots, and apparently bottomless pools of water. As posted at the site, the water here is excessively hot and there have been apparent fatalities here in the past.

When To Climb

Ridge along the east face

In summer driving the loop road offers quick access to the summit via a quarter mile hike up a maintenance road. Many hikers opt to summit Steens Mountain via Big Indian Gorge which has a developed trail up it. A route page exists for this option.
In winter the gentle western slopes of the Steens offer great ski touring. The loop road is a wonderful multi-day trek for just such an excursion. The loop road typically opens in June, but snowfall in this desert land can be highly variable from year to year.

Summiting the mountain via its steep eastern face should not be taken lightly. Routes are non-existent and the rock along knife-edge ridges and headwalls is surprisingly crumbly. Best access to the summit via the east face is in the region of Kigermann where ridges do not drop off so dramatically along their north and south faces. Couloir climbing may be an option, but should be approached as a multiday trek with the possibility of avalanche from giant cornices that mass along the summit crest.

Check links on the Burns BLM page for updates on the loop road conditions and when it opens.

Camping

This information has been taken directly from the most recent Harney County Informational Pamphlet available at the Malheur National Wildlife Refuge headquarters.

Malheur Field Station: (541)549-2629
spaces for trailers and 250 dormitory beds with provided bedding and showers.
Located at the Malheur Wildlife Refuge and open year round.

Sandhill Crane

Frenchglen Wayside State Park:
No camping spaces, but picnic spaces and a vaulted toilet. Frenchglen Hotel is located next door.
Located on the south end of Frenchglen.

Page Springs: (541)573-4400
36 Campsites along the Blitzen River with toilets, water, garbage service, fire rings and picnic tables.
Located 3 miles east of Frenchglen on the Steens Mountain Loop Road and open year round.

Jackman Park: (541)573-4400
6 Campsites with toilets, water, garbage service, fire rings and picnic tables.
Located 19 miles east of Frenchglen on the Steens Mountain Loop Road near Fish Lake. Open July to November based on snow conditions.

Fish Lake: (541) 573-4400
23 Campsites with toilets, water, garbage service, fire rings, picnic tables, and a boat ramp into the lake (no motorized boats permitted).
Located at Fish Lake 17 miles east of Frenchglen. Open July to November based on snow conditions.

Mann Lake: (541) 573-4400
Undeveloped campsites with vaulted toilets and a boat ramp. No water or services available. Located north of the Alvord Desert on the east side of the mountain. Open year round.

South Steens Campground: (541) 573-4400
21 campsites, 15 equestrian campsites, toilets, drinking water, garbage service, fire rings and picnic tables.
Located 18 miles up the South Steens Loop Road. Open May to November depending on snow.

Mountain Conditions

Burns District Office of Bureau of Land Management (541-573-4400)

Steens Mountain Headwall


Plan your trip Local Radar Detailed Forecast


Plan your trip Local Radar Detailed Forecast

Maps and Other Links

Summit Area Map

The Harney County Steens Mountain Loop Road Page

Burns BLM Page

Malheur National Wildlife Refuge

Borax Lake on the Nature Conservancy Page

Steens Mountain Canyons

Steens Mountain USGS 1:100,000 scale topo from Terraserver | From TopoZone | Aerial View

Fish Lake USGS 1:24,000 topo | Aerial View

Kiger Gorge USGS 1:100,000 scale topo | Aerial View

Wildhorse Lake USGS 1:24,000 scale topo | Aerial View

Hot Springs

Alvord Hot Springs USGS 1:100,000 scale topo | Aerial View

Mickey Hot Springs USGS 1:100,000 scale topo | Aerial View

Borax Lake USGS 1:100,000 scale topo | Aerial View

History

Devine Rock is named for John S. Devine, the first cattle baron to arrive into the Alvord Basin. Devine founded the Whitehorse Ranch in 1869, and later the Alvord Ranch. Both ranches continue to operate to this day. (Great Basin Country page 25)

Steens Mountain is named for Eunoch Steen an Army Major who led campaigns against the Northern Paiutes on the mountain. (Oregon Geographic Names)

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