FWIW I can (usually) go from sea level and ascend to 14K' without clear signs of AMS like headache or nausea if I have two nights at intermediate altitude. That said I have definitely noticed a mental deficit when I go up quickly to altitude - harder to focus and make decisions, harder to routefind. I haven't done enough leading above 12K to say exactly how much impact it's had but when following it's certainly harder. The impact seems less if I'm able to spend more than a week at altitude.
Because I'm a geek and can't resist googling this stuff I found the following paper on physiological considerations fpr a high altitude lab on the web which seems to be cited in a number of places. Section 2.5 ("Mental Ability") quotes some interesting statistics on the impact of moderate altitude on coordination, attention span, short term memory, etc.
http://www.alma.nrao.edu/memos/html-memos/alma162/memo162.html