Spring Gentian Gentiana verna

The Spring Gentian (Gentiana verna) is a species of the genus Gentiana and one of its smallest members, normally only growing to a height of a few centimetres. The short stem supports up to three opposing pairs of elliptical or lanceolate leaves. The conspicuous vivid blue (sometimes purplish-red or rarely white) flowers are 1-2 cm diameter, with a deeply five-lobed corolla; they are produced in late spring to early summer. The flowers attract butterflies, bees (particularly bumblebees) for pollination. Ants are responsible for the spreading of its seeds. The Spring Gentian is to be found on sunny alpine meadows and moorland throughout central and southeastern Europe, such as in low mountain ranges like the Jura and Balkans, and up to an altitude of 2,600 m, and also very locally in northwest Europe (northern England, western Ireland). It tends to thrive on dry meadows with chalky soil; it is also known to grow in silicaceous soils. It is protected in a number of European countries as an endangered species. from wikipedia