Opal 35 Project

Synopsis

Being a lifelong Calgarian who really likes mountains, the nearby Kananaskis Country provides an excellent playground. The Opal Range is a strikingly sharp and rugged range that provides a jagged transition from the low foothills to the main range along the continental divide in K-country. Over the years I climbed the occasional Opal Range peak, but didn’t really consider the entire range as an objective. Now I have. I have compiled a wish list of 35 Opal Range summits or highpoints; most of these are unofficial summits, but many have significant prominence and isolation. Below is a summary table that I will update over time as I tick off these highpoints. I am not in rush to complete this project, but likely to complete in the list in about 4 or 5 years? A detailed description of peak prominence and general facts about these mountains follows.

Tick List

Highpoint reference	Highpoint elevation (m)	Climbed ?
Mt. Evan-Thomas	3097	YES
Elpoca Mtn.	3036	YES
Tombstone Mtn.	3029	YES
’Ripsaw’	3008	not yet
Mt. Packenham	3000	YES
’Mt. Potts’	3000	YES
’Mt. Denny’	3000	YES
’Tombstone South’	3000	YES
Mt. Jerram	2996	YES
Mt. Blane	2993	YES
’Cat’s Ears - north’	2960	not yet
’Cat’s Ears - south’	2960	not yet
Mt. Burney	2934	YES
’Mt. Barham’	2920	not yet
’The Blade’	2920	not yet
'Rocky Peak'	2915	YES
Mt. Hood	2903	YES
Mt. Brock	2902	YES
’Mt. Schlee’	2850	YES
’South Schlee’	2800	YES
’Little Tombstone’	2800	YES
Mt. Wintour	2700	YES
’Elpoca Tower’	2680	YES
Gap Mtn.	2675	YES
The Wedge	2667	YES
’Little Evan’	2665	YES
Opal Ridge (north)	2575	YES
Opal Ridge (south)	2575	YES
’Grizzly Peak’	2545	YES
’Opoca Peak’	2480	YES
’Mt. Mackay’	2455	YES
’Mackay Hills - centre’	2440	YES
’East Opoca’	2425	YES
King Creek Ridge	2425	YES
Limestone Mtn.	2173	YES

What is the Opal Range?

When I first had the thought to climb all the summits of the Opal Range, I wasn’t really sure of the boundaries of the range. The only two written descriptions of the range I found seemed off. These both ended the northern edge of the range along Rocky Creek, between The Wedge and Opal Ridge. This effectively makes The Wedge, Limestone Mountain and the Mackay Hills their own mountain range. One of the descriptions included several mountains in the Elbow River loop area, but these mountains are clearly in the Fisher Range, had the same physical structure and rock composition of the Fisher Range and had a major drainage system separating them from the Opal Range. It seems logical to me that the major valley bottoms and primary passes provided the most definitive boundary of any mountain range. Physical formation and rock composition of mountains help with the fining tuning of the boundaries. In my view, The Wedge is very similar in composition and formation to the main range of the Opals, also Evan-Thomas Creek is a higher order stream with a much larger valley than Rocky Creek, thus I included this small cluster of minor peaks. Other major water courses and passes seemed obvious to me and I defined the Opal Range with an approximate area of 185.0 square kilometres (70 square miles) using the area bounded by the Kananaskis River/Pocaterra Creek, Evan-Thomas Creek, the Little Elbow River and a small section of the Elbow River. These principle watercourses flow from several primary passes; Tombstone Pass (2270m), Evan-Thomas Pass (2180m) and Elbow Pass (2085m).

How many peaks are in the Opal Range?

Good question. The number of officially named mountains is easy. Until 1961, the Federal Government of Canada through the Geographical Names Board of Canada had jurisdiction over all geographical names, since then the relative Provincial Government has the authority. In Alberta, the Geographic Names Program reviews and approves any geographical name. Within the land area of the Opal Range I defined there are 15 officially named summits. There are about 10 peaks with “local names” that seemed to be somewhat accepted or used on frequent basis. At first when I was conceptualizing this project I was only going to seek out the officially named summits, but there are many interesting summits that do not have certified names, several with cool routes. Then I was only going to climbed “interesting” peaks, but what does that mean? Looking at an analysis of prominence to identify “true” summits was my next method, but similar to the interesting peaks, this is also difficult determine. There is no set standard of measurement or degree of separation to determine a separate summit by any of the governing bodies in Canada, nor could I determine any consistent method from other nations. Also, many of the methods would eliminate highpoints that I want to climb because of the route, or interesting position. In the end I decided that any summit with a prominence of 100 metres or more, and any highpoint that was interesting to me, I would ascend. This way I get to climb more peaks! This works out to 35 highpoints in the Opal Range.

Analysis Method

When I was investigating the prominence measure as a method to determine the appropriate number of summits, I did perform an analysis of all the ridgelines in the Opal Range. Using the Federal Government of Canada, National Topographic Maps, I measured the prominence of all significant highpoints.

Prominence method - Base map	Prominence method - Illustrated

When determining the height of the intervening key saddle or col, I used the pessimistic approach and used the highest elevation contour line of the col. As an example, the exact elevation of the col between ‘Grizzly Peak’ and Mt. Evan-Thomas is unknown and lies between the 2400 and 2440 metre contour lines. For the prominence calculation, I used 2440 metre as the col elevation, thus ‘Grizzly Peak’ has a prominence of 105 metres and Mt. Evan-Thomas, 657 metres from this shared col.

The Big Table

I have summarized the prominence analysis in a big table. This table is abridged version of my working excel table, but it highlights the prominence of all highpoints to two of its immediate neighbours. Mt. Evan-Thomas has four neighbours sharing connecting ridge lines. Mt. Hood, Mt. Jerram, ‘Cat’s Ears – south’, ‘Mt. Schlee’, Mt. Elpoca and Tombstone Mtn. (north) have three immediate neighbours. The full sized table was becoming difficult to display on screen so the neighbouring highpoints was reduced to two. Please refer to the two maps that show the contour line analysis following this table for all saddle to highpoints calculations. Interesting facts; there are two saddles that have a prominence of zero. This relates to the coarse scale of the topographic maps and the 40 metre (131 foot) contour lines. The two saddles relate to unofficially named highpoints and include the saddles between the Mt. Blane and ‘The Blade’ and Elpoca Mtn. and ‘Elpoca Tower’

Mt. Blane and ‘The Blade’ Saddle	Elpoca Mtn. and ‘Elpoca Tower’ Saddle

There are five saddles with more than 600 metres (1969 feet) of prominence (highest measurements, not including the lower highpoint elevation), the greatest being the saddle between Mt. Wintour and Mt. Jerram at 676 metres (2218 feet); saddle at 2320m and Jerram summit at 2996m (prominence to Mt. Wintour is 380m).

Mt. Wintour and Mt. Jerram Saddle. Mt. Jerram in background. Highest prominence in the Opal Range at 676 metres (2218 feet)	Mt. Wintour and Mt. Jerram Saddle. Mt. Wintour to right. Prominence to Wintour Summit is 380m.

Excluding the two saddles with zero prominence, there are 12 saddles that have less than 100 metres of prominence, but only two non officially named highpoints with less than 100 metres on all adjacent saddles; ‘East Opoca Peak’ and ‘Cat’s Ear – north’. I had considered deleting these highpoints from the list, but both summits have some interesting climbing or scenic value, and with the coarse measurement of the 40 metre contour lines, and the pessimistic saddle height method; I decided to include these highpoints. The list in the table starts with the most northern summits in the range, then proceeds southward in the list.

Highpoint reference	Highpoint elevation (m)	saddle A (m)	saddle B (m)	neighbour A (m)	neighbour B (m)	prominence A (m)	prominence B (m)
Limestone Mtn.	2173	2120	-	2667	-	53	-
The Wedge	2667	2120	2320	2173	2455	547	347
GR 323350 ’Mt. Mackay’	2455	2320	2280	2667	2440	135	175
GR 333341 ’Mackay Hills - centre’	2440	2280	2320	2455	2340	160	120
Opal Ridge (north)	2575	2480	-	2575	-	95	-
Opal Ridge (south)	2575	2480	2400	2575	3000	95	600
GR 334290 ’Rocky Peak’	2915	2800	-	3000	-	115	-
GR 336280 ’Mt. Denny’	3000	2800	2880	2915	3000	200	120
GR 339269 ’Mt. Potts’	3000	2880	2880	3000	3097	120	120
Mt. Evan-Thomas	3097	2880	2440	3000	2545	217	657
GR 328249 ’Grizzly Peak’	2545	2440	-	3097	-	105	-
GR 373253 ’Ripsaw’	3008	2600	2480	3097	2665	408	528
GR 385256 ’Little Evan’	2665	2480	-	3008	-	185	-
Mt. Packenham	3000	2760	2760	3097	2903	240	240
Mt. Hood	2903	2760	2720	3000	2902	143	183
King Creek Ridge	2425	2240	-	2903	-	185	-
Mt. Brock	2902	2720	2600	2903	2993	182	302
Mt. Blane	2993	2600	2920	2902	2920	393	0
GR 361210 ’The Blade’	2920	2920	2800	2993	2920	0	120
GR 363205 ’Mt. Barham’	2920	2800	2800	2920	2934	120	120
Mt. Burney	2934	2800	2840	2920	2996	134	94
Mt. Jerram	2996	2840	2920	2934	2960	156	76
Mt. Wintour	2700	2320	-	2996	-	380	-
GR 383179 ’Cat’s Ears -north’	2960	2920	2920	2996	2960	40	40
GR 385179 ’Cat’s Ears -south’	2960	2920	2600	2960	3029	40	360
GR 385168 ’Mt. Schlee’	2850	2680	2720	2960	2800	170	130
GR 374159 ’East Opoca’	2450	2360	2360	2850	2480	80	80
GR 368155 ’Opoca Peak’	2480	2360	-	2440	-	120	-
GR 388157 ’South Schlee’	2800	2720	2680	2850	3029	80	120
Elpoca Mtn.	3029	2680	2400	2800	2675	349	629
Gap Mtn.	2675	2400	-	3029	-	275	-
GR 401140 ’Elpoca Tower’	2680	2680	-	3029	-	0	-
Tombstone Mtn.	3029	2600	2760	2960	3000	429	269
GR 407165 ’Tombstone South’	3000	2760	-	3029	-	240	-
GR 396213 ’Little Tombstone’	2800	2640	-	3029	-	160	-

Prominence measurement on topographic maps

Images

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